Selelekela:
Libetri tsa lithiume fetohile karolo ea bohlokoa ea bophelo ba rona ba letsatsi le letsatsi, ho matlafatsa ntho e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ho tloha ho li-smartphone le li-laptops ho likoloi tsa motlakase le mekhoa ea ho boloka matla a tsosolositsoeng. Nalane ea libeteri tsa lithium ke leeto le khahlisang le nkileng lilemo tse mashome a 'maloa, le tšoauoa ka tsoelo-pele e kholo ea theknoloji le boqapi. Ho tloha qalong ea boemo bo tlase ho fihlela boemong ba bona ba ho ba litharollo tse etellang pele tsa polokelo ea matla, libeteri tsa lithium li fetotse tsela eo re sebelisang le ho boloka motlakase ka eona.
Ho thehoa ha libeteri tsa lithium
Pale ealibeteri tsa lithiume qalile lilemong tsa bo-1970, ha bafuputsi ba qala ho hlahloba bokhoni ba lithium e le motsoako oa bohlokoa libeteri tse ka nchafatsoang. E ne e le nakong ena moo bo-rasaense ba ileng ba sibolla thepa e ikhethang ea lithium, ho kenyelletsa le matla a eona a phahameng a matla le tlhaho e bobebe, e leng se etsang hore e be e loketseng lisebelisoa tsa elektronike tse nkehang habonolo. Sibollo ena e thehile motheo oa nts'etsopele ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion, tse tla tsoela pele ho laola 'maraka oa lisebelisoa tsa elektroniki tsa bareki lilemong tse tlang.
Ka 1979, setsebi sa k'hemistri sa Univesithi ea Oxford John Goodenough le sehlopha sa hae ba ile ba etsa khatelo-pele 'me ba theha betri ea pele ea lithium-ion e ka nchafatsoang hape. Mosebetsi ona oa bopula-maliboho o ile oa rala motheo oa khoebo ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion, tse ntseng li tuma ka potlako ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea tsona e phahameng le bophelo bo bolelele ba tšebeletso ha li bapisoa le libeteri tse tloaelehileng tsa lead-acid le nickel-cadmium.
Ho theosa le lilemo tsa bo-1980 le bo-1990, boiteko bo matla ba lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele bo ne bo tsepamisitse maikutlo ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso le polokeho ea libeteri tsa lithium. E 'ngoe ea liqholotso tsa bohlokoa ke ho fumana electrolyte e tsitsitseng e ka mamellang matla a matla a lithium ntle le ho senya polokeho. Sena se lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-electrolyte le mekhoa ea tsamaiso ea betri e ntlafatsang haholo botšepehi le polokeho ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion.
Khatelo-pele ea libeteri tsa lithium
Ho theosa le lilemo tsa bo-1980 le bo-1990, boiteko bo matla ba lipatlisiso le nts'etsopele bo ne bo tsepamisitse maikutlo ho ntlafatseng ts'ebetso le polokeho ea libeteri tsa lithium. E 'ngoe ea liqholotso tsa bohlokoa ke ho fumana electrolyte e tsitsitseng e ka mamellang matla a matla a lithium ntle le ho senya polokeho. Sena se lebisitse ho nts'etsopele ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea li-electrolyte le mekhoa ea tsamaiso ea betri e ntlafatsang haholo botšepehi le polokeho ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion.
Lilemong tsa bo-2000 ho ile ha e-ba le phetoho ea libeteri tsa lithium, ka tsoelo-pele ea nanotechnology le mahlale a thepa a hlohlelletsang nts'etsopele ea lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) le libeteri tsa lithium polymer. Lik'hemik'hale tsena tse ncha tsa betri li fana ka matla a phahameng a matla, bokhoni ba ho tjhaja ka potlako le likarolo tse ntlafetseng tsa ts'ireletso, ho tsoela pele ho atolosa tšebeliso ea libeteri tsa lithium makaleng a likoloi, sefofane le matla a tsosolositsoeng.
Bokamoso ba libeteri tsa lithium
Kamohelo e atileng ea likoloi tsa motlakase (EVs) le tlhoko e ntseng e hola ea tharollo ea polokelo ea matla e tsamaisitse nts'etsopele ea ts'ebetso e phahameng.libeteri tsa lithium. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tsoelo-pele e kholo ea thekenoloji ea betri e kang li-electrolyte tse tiileng le li-silicon anode li ntlafalitse le ho feta matla a matla le bophelo ba potoloho ea libeteri tsa lithium, e leng se etsang hore e be khetho e sebetsang bakeng sa polokelo e kholo ea matla le botsitso ba grid.
Nalane ea libeteri tsa lithium e bonts'a ho phehella ho sa feleng hoa boqapi le matla a phetoho a theknoloji. Kajeno, libeteri tsa lithium ke lejoe la motheo la phetoho ea matla a hloekileng, e leng ho nolofalletsang ho amoheloa ha likoloi tsa motlakase le ho kopanya matla a tsosolositsoeng. Ha lefats'e le batla ho fokotsa ho itšetleha ha lona ka mafura le ho loantša phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, libeteri tsa lithium li tla phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho theha bokamoso bo tsitsitseng le bo tlaase ba carbon.
Qetello
Ho akaretsa, nalane ea tsoelopele ealibeteri tsa lithiumke leeto le sa tloaelehang la ho sibolloa ha mahlale, boqapi ba theknoloji, le phetoho ea indasteri. Ho tloha matsatsing a bona a pele e le litabatabelo tsa laboratori ho fihlela boemo ba bona ba hajoale e le tharollo ea polokelo ea matla e fumanehang hohle, libeteri tsa lithium li tlohile hole ho matlafatsa lefatše la sejoale-joale. Ha re ntse re tsoela pele ho notlolla matla a felletseng a libeteri tsa lithium, re tla tlisa nako e ncha ea polokelo ea matla e hloekileng, e tšepahalang le e tšoarellang e tla bopa bokamoso ba polanete ea rona.
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Nako ea poso: Aug-19-2024